درس حول ادوات الشرط الجازمة و غير الجازمة

<blockquote class="postcontent restore"><div align="center"><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: HeshamNormal">الش</span><span style="font-family: HeshamNormal">رط</span><span style="font-family: HeshamNormal">ُ</span><br></div></div><span style="font-family: &quot">أسلوبٌ في الكلامِ يتكونُ من أداةِ شرطٍ وجملةِ فعلِ الش</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">رط وجملةِ الجواب، وتحق</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ُّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ق الفعلِ شرطٌ لتحق</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">قِ الجواب</span><span style="font-family: &quot">، مثالٌ:</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">إنْ تدرسْ تنجحْ.</span> <div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot">أدواته</span><span style="font-family: &quot">: أدواتُ الش</span><span style="font-family: &quot">رطِ الجازمةُ</span><br></div></div><span style="font-family: &quot">هي الأدواتُ الّتي تجزمُ فعلين مضارعين بعدها،وهي:</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">إن _ إذما: حرفا شرطٍ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">،كقول الرصافي:</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">إن كان</span><span style="font-family: &quot">َ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">للجهل</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ِ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">في أحوال</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ِ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">نا علل</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ٌ</span> <div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: &quot">فا</span><span style="font-family: &quot">لعلم</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ُ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">كالط</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ِّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ب</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ِّ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">يشفي تلكم</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ُ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">الع</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ِ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">للا</span></div></div><span style="font-family: &quot">إذما تقرأ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">مِن كتبٍ تجد</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">فائدة</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ً</span><span style="font-family: &quot">.</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">م</span><span style="font-family: &quot">َ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ن</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">: تدلُّ على العاقلِ: م</span><span style="font-family: &quot">َ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ن يجتهد</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">ينجح</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">.</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">ما -مهما: تدلا</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ن على غير العاقلِ:ما</span><span style="font-family: &quot">تفعلْ مِن خيرٍ تلق جزاءه.مهما</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">ت</span><span style="font-family: &quot">فعل من خير فلن تعدمَ جزاءه.</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">متى –</span><span style="font-family: &quot">أ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">يّان:للزمان:متى تسافرْ تجدْ خيرا</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ً</span><span style="font-family: &quot">.</span><span style="font-family: &quot">أ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">يّان نؤمن</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ك تأمن</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">غيرنا.</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">أيّن –أنى- حيثما: للمكان:( أيّنما تكون</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ُ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">وا يدرك</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ك</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ُ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">م الموت</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ُ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">) .أن</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ى تسافرْ تجدْ صاحبا</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ً</span><span style="font-family: &quot">.حيثما نزلْتَ نلْتَ الأمانَ.</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">كيفما: للحال</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ِ:</span><span style="font-family: &quot">كيفما تعامل الن</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">اس</span><span style="font-family: &quot">َ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">يعاملُوك.</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">أيّ: تكونُ مضاف</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ة</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ً إلى ما بعدها، ودلالتُها بحسبِ ما أُضيفَت إليه: أيُّ إنسانٍ يفعل</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">خيرا</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ً</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">ينل</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">خيرا</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ً</span><span style="font-family: &quot">، دال</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ةٌ على العاقل. أيّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">َ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">كتاب تقرأ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">تجد</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">فيه فائدةً، دال</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ةٌ على غيرِ العاقلِ. أيَّ مكان تسافر</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">تجد</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">راحةً، دال</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ةٌ على المكانِ.</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">أسماءُ الش</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">رطِ تكونُ مبني</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ةً دائماً عدا (أيّ) فهيَ معربةٌ.</span> <div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot">أدواتُ الشر</span><span style="font-family: &quot">طِ غيرِ الجازمةِ</span><br></div></div><span style="font-family: &quot">لو- لولا-أمّا: أحرفُ شرطٍ غيرُ جازمةٍ: لو: حرفُ امتناعٍ لامتناع: فعلُه وج</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ـ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">وابُه ماضيان: لو زرْتَني أكرمتُك. لولا: حرفُ امتناعٍ لوجودِ يليهِ مبتدأٌ خبرُهُ محذوفٌ: لولا المطرُ ليبسَ الزرعُ. المطرُ: مبتدأٌ خبرُهُ محذوفٌ. أمّا:حرفُ شــرطٍ وتفصيلٍ وتوكيدٍ، ويقترنُ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">جوابُها بالفاءِ الرَّابطةِ: (وأم</span><span style="font-family: &quot">َّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ا اليتيم</span><span style="font-family: &quot">َ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">فلا تقهر</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ)</span><span style="font-family: &quot">.</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">إذا: ظرفٌ لما يستقبلُ من الزّمنِ يليه جملةٌ فعلية</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ٌ، كقولِ الشّاعرِ:</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">إذا رأيْت</span><span style="font-family: &quot">َ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">نيوب</span><span style="font-family: &quot">َ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">الل</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">يث</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ِ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">بارزة</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ً</span> <div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: &quot">فلا تظنّن</span><span style="font-family: &quot">َّ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">بأن</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ّ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">الل</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">يث</span><span style="font-family: &quot">َ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">يبتسم</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ُ</span></div></div><span style="font-family: &quot">لم</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ا: ظرفٌ بمعنى حينَ فعلُهُ وجوابُهُ ماضيانِ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">، كقولِ أبي العلاءِ المعريِّ:</span> <div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot">ولم</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ا أنْ تجه</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">م</span><span style="font-family: &quot">َـ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ني م</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ُ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">رادي</span><span style="font-family: &quot">جري</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ت</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ُ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">مع</span><span style="font-family: &quot">َ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">الزّمانِ كما أرادا</span></div></div><span style="font-family: &quot">كلّما: ظرفٌ يدلُّ على الت</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">كرارِ، يليه الفعلُ الماضي دائما</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ً، كقولِ عمرِ بنِ أبي ربيعةَ:</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">كلّما قل</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ت</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ُ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">متى ميعاد</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ُ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">نا</span> <div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: &quot">ضحك</span><span style="font-family: &quot">َ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ت</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">هند</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ُ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">وقالت</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">: بعد</span><span style="font-family: &quot">َ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">غد</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span></div></div><span style="font-family: &quot">ملاحظات: 1- يجوزُ حذفُ جملةِ الشرطِ بعدَ إنْ المتبوعة بلا النَّافيةِ: تكلّمْ بخير</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ٍ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">وإلا</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ّ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">فاسكت</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">.</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">2- يجبُ حذفُ الجوابِ إذا كانَ فعلُ الش</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">رطِ ماضياً</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">وتقد</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">مَ على الأداةِ ما يدلُّ على الجوابِ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">، مثالٌ:</span><span style="font-family: &quot">يجود</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ُ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">الموسم</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ُ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">إنْ مُطِر</span><span style="font-family: &quot">َ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ت</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">الأرض</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ُ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">في آذار</span><span style="font-family: &quot">َ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">.</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">3- إذا اجتمع قسمٌ وشرطٌ فالجوابُ للس</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ابقِ منهما: إنْ زر</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ت</span><span style="font-family: &quot">َ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ني والله</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ِ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">أكرم</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">كَ.</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">4- إذا جاءَ فعلُ الش</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">رطِ الجازم أو جوابُهُ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">فعلاً</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">ماضياً يكونُ في محلِّ جزمٍ.</span> <span style="font-family: HeshamNormal">وجوب اقترانِ جملةِ جواب الشر</span><span style="font-family: HeshamNormal">طِ بالفاء</span><br> <span style="font-family: &quot">إذا كانَتْ جملةُ الجوابِ:</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">1- جملةً اسميةً:</span><span style="font-family: &quot">كقول الرّصافي:</span><div style="margin: 1px 0 -15px -6px;"> </div><p> </p><br> <span style="font-family: &quot">إنْ كان</span><span style="font-family: &quot">َ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">للجهل</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ِ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">في أحوال</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ِ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">نا علل</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ٌ</span> <div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: &quot">فالعلم</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ُ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">كالط</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ب</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ِّ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">يشفي تلك</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ُ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">م</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ُ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">الع</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ِ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">للا</span></div></div><span style="font-family: &quot">2- جملةً فعليةً:فعلها:</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">ا- طلبيٌّ: كالأمرِ والن</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">هيِ: إذا أردْتَ النّجاحَ فادرسْ. إنْ أردْتَ الت</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">فوقَ فلا تهمل</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">دروسَكَ.</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">ب- جامدٌ: مَنْ يحسنْ إلى الن</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">اس فنعم</span><span style="font-family: &quot">َ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">المرء</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ُ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">هو</span><span style="font-family: &quot">.</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">ج-مسبوقٌ بما النافية (فإن</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">تول</span><span style="font-family: &quot">َّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">يت</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ُ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">م فما سأل</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ت</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ُ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">كم</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ِ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">من أجر</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ٍ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">)</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">د- مسبوقٌ بلن: (وما ي</span><span style="font-family: &quot">َ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">فعلوا من خير</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ٍ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">فلن ي</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ُ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">كفر</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ُ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">وه)</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">ه</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ـ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">- مسبوقٌ بقد:(إن يسرق</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">فقد سرق</span><span style="font-family: &quot">َ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">أخ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ٌ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">له من قبل</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ُ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">)</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">و- مسبوقٌ بالس</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ين: إنْ تدرسْ فستنجح</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">ز- مسبوقٌ بسوفَ: إنْ تدرسْ فسوفَ تنجح</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">ح- مسبوقٌ بكأنّما:(وم</span><span style="font-family: &quot">َ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ن</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">أحي</span><span style="font-family: &quot">َ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">اها فكأن</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ما أحيا الن</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">اس</span><span style="font-family: &quot">َ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">جميعا</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ً</span><span style="font-family: &quot">)</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">ط- مسبوقٌ بربما:إن واصلْتَ عملَكَ فربما نلْتَ أملَكَ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">3-جملةٌ شرطيَّةٌ جديدةٌ: إنْ صحبت الناس فإن أحسن</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ت</span><span style="font-family: &quot">َ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">ص</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ُ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">حبت</span><span style="font-family: &quot">َ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">هُم أحسن</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ُ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">وا ص</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ُ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">حبتَكَ.</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">إعرابُ أسماءِ الش</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">رطِ:</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">ما- من- مهما:مبتدأٌ إذا جاءَ فعلُ الش</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">رط لازما</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ً</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">أو</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">متعد</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">يا</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ً</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">استوفى مفعولَهُ:</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">مَنْ جد</span><span style="font-family: &quot">َّ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">وجدَ. ما تحصل</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ه في الص</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">غر</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ِ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">ينفع</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">كَ في الكبر. أو مفعولا</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ً</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">به إذا لم يستوفِ مفعولَهُ: ما تحصل</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">في الص</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ِّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">غ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">َ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ر ينفع</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">كَ في الكبرِ.</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">متى- إيّان:في محلِّ نصبٍ ظرفُ زمانٍ: متى تسافر</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">تجد</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">صاحبا</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ً</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">يؤنسكَ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">.</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">أيّن –أن</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ى- حيثما: في محلِّ نصبٍ ظرفُ مكانٍ: أيْنَ تجلس</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">تجد</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">راحة</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ً</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">لكَ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">.</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">كيفما:في محلِّ نصبٍ حالٌ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">، كقولِ بشارةَ الخوري:</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">انشر</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ُ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">وا الهول</span><span style="font-family: &quot">َ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">وص</span><span style="font-family: &quot">َ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ب</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ُّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">وا نار</span><span style="font-family: &quot">َ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ك</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ُ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">م</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span> <div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: &quot">ك</span><span style="font-family: &quot">يفما شئت</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ٌ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">م</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">فلن تلق</span><span style="font-family: &quot">َ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">و</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ا جبانا</span></div></div><span style="font-family: &quot">أيّ: تصلحُ لكلِّ الحالاتِ الس</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ابقةِ بحسب الاسمِ الّذي تُضافُ إليه: أيُّ طالبٍ يجد</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ُ في دروسه ينجح</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">،</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">مبتدأٌ مرفوع</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ٌ . أيّ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">َ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">كتابٍ تقرأ</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">تجد</span><span style="font-family: &quot">ْ</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">فائدةً فيه،</span> <span style="font-family: &quot">مفعولٌ به مقدمٌ منصوبٌ.</span><br></div><hr style="color:#D1D1E1; background-color:#D1D1E1" size="1"><p class="alt2" dir="ltr" style="margin: 1px auto; padding: 6px;border: 1px inset; width: 640px;height: 34px;text-align: left;overflow: auto">]vs p,g h],hj hgav' hg[h.lm , ydv hg[h.lm</p></div></blockquote>